Tencel and lyocell are fibres derived from wood pulp through a closed-loop process, in which the solvent is recovered and used again.

1. The Origin of Tencel and Lyocell

The names 'Tencel' and 'lyocell' are often used interchangeably, but they refer to the same type of fibre produced using the lyocell process. This involves dissolving wood pulp in a solvent before spinning it into fibres.

  • Wood Pulp Source: The primary material is cellulose from wood, which is broken down into pulp before it is dissolved.
  • Closed-Loop Production: The manufacturing process recovers nearly all of the solvent used.

2. The Structure of the Fibre

Tencel and lyocell fibres are known for their smooth surface and round cross-section, which contribute to their softness and breathability. These fibres are considerably stronger than cotton and have a silky lustre.

  • Round Cross-Section: This shape allows the fibre to reflect light, giving it a glossy appearance.
  • Smooth Surface: The lack of surface irregularities makes lyocell fibres smooth to the touch and less likely to cause irritation.

3. Moisture and Breathability

The absorbent nature of lyocell allows it to manage moisture effectively, making it an excellent choice for garments designed to keep the wearer cool and dry. This fibre can absorb far more water than its weight, wicking moisture away from the skin.

  • Absorbency: Lyocell fibres can hold a significant amount of moisture without feeling damp.
  • Breathability: The fibre's structure allows air to flow through, enhancing comfort and reducing odour.

4. Durability

Lyocell is one of the most durable plant-based fibres available. It resists wrinkles naturally due to its smooth surface and strong molecular bonds, which also contribute to its resistance to fading.

  • Wrinkle Resistance: The fibre maintains a neat appearance even after repeated wearings.
  • Colour Fastness: Lyocell's ability to hold dye effectively means colours remain vibrant over time.

5. The Closed Loop

What sets lyocell apart is the way it is made: a high percentage of the solvent and water used during production is recovered in a closed loop and returned to the process.

  • Solvent Recovery: The used solvent is cleaned and fed back into production.

6. Care Considerations

Lyocell fibres require gentle care to maintain their quality and longevity. Machine washing is generally safe but should be done in cold water with a mild detergent to preserve the fabric's integrity. Dry cleaning can also be an option for delicate items.

  • Machine Washing: Use a delicate cycle with cold water.

The closed-loop process of Tencel and lyocell production, combined with their softness, breathability and strength, makes these fibres a pleasure to wear and to understand.